Global Population Ageing: Challenges and the Role of Physical Activity

Krissy Vann | Host, All Things Fitness and Wellness

In an era where global demographics are undergoing a profound shift, all countries are grappling with the challenges of adapting their health and social systems to accommodate an increasingly ageing population. According to the World Health Organization, by the year 2050, a staggering 80% of the world's older people will reside in low- and middle-income countries, underscoring the urgent need for these nations to prepare for this demographic transformation. What's particularly noteworthy is the rapid pace at which this change is happening; in 2020, the number of individuals aged 60 and older surpassed the number of children under 5 years of age. This trend is only set to accelerate, with the proportion of the global population aged 60 and above nearly doubling from 12% in 2015 to a projected 22% by 2050. In essence, our world is witnessing a remarkable extension of the human lifespan, and this phenomenon is impacting every corner of the globe.

With these statistics from the World Health Organization in mind, it is increasingly vital to address the implications of this ageing trend, not only in terms of healthcare and social systems but also in the realm of personal health. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) underscores the importance of regular physical activity for older adults. Engaging in physical activity can mitigate or delay many of the health challenges that often accompany ageing, allowing individuals to maintain their independence and overall well-being. Even a modest amount of physical activity can yield significant health benefits, and the more active one is, the greater these benefits become.

The CDC recommends that adults aged 65 and older engage in at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity activity, such as brisk walking, per week. Alternatively, 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity activity, such as jogging or running, is also beneficial. Additionally, it's crucial to engage in activities that strengthen muscles and improve balance, both of which are essential for maintaining physical function and reducing the risk of falls.

Furthermore, a study published in the National Library of Medicine emphasizes the critical role of physical activity in counteracting age-related changes in body composition. Inactivity can lead to an increase in body fat percentage and a decline in lean body mass, contributing to muscle atrophy. However, strength training has been shown to increase lean body mass, improve physical performance, and positively impact activities of daily living among older individuals.

Participation in physical activity and exercise can enhance quality of life, physical function, and overall health among older adults, particularly those with preexisting health conditions. Exercise has been associated with a reduced risk of falls and cardiovascular mortality, and it can have a positive impact on cardiac health and cognitive function. Additionally, exercise programs that include balance training are recommended to prevent falls among older individuals.

Engaging in regular physical activity not only supports physical health but also contributes to mental well-being, cognitive function, and overall quality of life for older adults. As we collectively navigate the challenges and opportunities presented by this demographic shift, prioritizing physical activity and exercise remains a cornerstone of healthy and active ageing.

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